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PNEUMONIA: DEFINITION : Pneumonia is an acute inflammation of lungs parenchyma resulting   from   infection of alveoli and respiratory bronchioles , characterized pathologically by consolidation of lung parenchyma and clinically by fever , cough , dyspnea   and chest pain in most cases . EPIDEMOLOGY: ·         Its is a common illness affecting approximately 450 million people a year and occurring in all parts of the world. It is a major cause of death among all age groups, resulting in 1.4 million deaths in 2010 (7% of the worlds yearly total) ·         It was the 4th leading cause of death in the world in 2016, resulting in 3.0 million deaths worldwide. ·          Rates are greatest in children less than five and adults older than 75 years of age. ·          It occurs about five times mor...

COVID-19; Stand for  coronavirus disease in 2019 . The name COVID-19 was given by  WHO  on February 11 2020 to the disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2. The name SARS-CoV2 was given to it because this virus is a genetic cousin of coronavirus which caused the SARS outbreak in 2002 (SARS-CoV)  [1]. What is coronavirus? Coronaviruses are common human and animal  single-strand RNA genome  viruses belonging to the  family coronaviridae  that was first, discover in the 1930S in domestic poultry. In animals,  coronavirus causes a range of respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurologic diseases.  In human  coronaviruses are mainly seven types that cause a range of diseases. A) Four human  coronaviruses cause symptoms of the common cold namely; 229E, OC43, NL63, and HUK1. B) Three human  coronaviruses cause much more serious lung infections, also called pneumonia. SARS-CoV in 2002  (severe acute respiratory syndrom...